Astino Valley Astino Church
"Astino Valley Astino Church" (Monastero di Astino) is a medieval monastery in the Astino Valley (Valle d'Astino) in Bergamo Province, Lombardy, Italy. Its origin can be traced back to the 12th century. It is located in the hilly area in the southern foothills of the Alps, adjacent to the ruins of "Astino Castle. It is an important witness to the history of the trinity of "religion-lord-agriculture" in the Lombardy region, and it is also a typical sample for studying the interaction between Italian medieval monastic culture and local society.
Central Church of the Round Square of San Tomé
The "Rotonda San Tomè" (San Tomè) is a historical circular square in the center of Parma (Parma), Parma Province, Emilia-Romagna Region (Emilia-Romagna), Italy. It is located in the core area of the old city (Città Vecchia), adjacent to Parma Cathedral and "Duchess of Parma". It is an important relic of Parma's medieval urban planning and a typical sample of the study of the Italian Renaissance "circular square" architecture and local religious culture.
Kranezogu Old River Tax Bridge
"Ponte Antica Dogana Bridge" (Ponte Antica Dogana Fluviale) is a medieval ancient bridge in the territory of Clanezzo Town (), Treviso Province, Veneto Region in the north of Italy. It crosses the tributary of the Brenta River and is named after it was once the core facility of "River Tax Pass" in history. It is an important witness to the "river trade and tax culture" in the Veneto region, and it is also a typical sample for studying the interaction between the traffic history, economic history and local society in the Middle Ages in Italy.
Wamalina Benedictine Monastery
"Wamalina Benedictine Monastery" (Monastero benedettino di Valmarina) is a medieval Benedictine monastery in the town of Wamalina, Treviso Province, Veneto Region (Veneto) in northern Italy. It is located in the hilly area at the southern foot of the Alps and adjacent to a tributary of the "Brenta River. It is an important witness to the history of the "religion-agriculture-culture" trinity in the Veneto region, and it is also a typical sample for studying the interaction between the Benedictine monastic system and local society in the Middle Ages in Italy.
Astino Monastery Astino Valley
"Astino Valley Astino Monastery" (Monastero di Astino) is a medieval monastery in the Astino Valley (Valle d'Astino) in the province of Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy. Its origin can be traced back to the 12th century. It is located in the hilly area in the southern foothills of the Alps, adjacent to the ruins of "Astino Castle. It is an important witness to the history of the trinity of "religion-lord-agriculture" in the Lombardy region, and it is also a typical sample for studying the interaction between Italian medieval monastic culture and local society.
Little fountain of Becamo
"Bergamo fountain" (Fontanella) is a public fountain with a long history in Bergamo (Bergamo), Lombardy, Italy. It is named for its small size and exquisite shape. It is located next to the "Our Lady Square" in the old city of Becamo, adjacent to medieval churches and Renaissance municipal buildings. It is a vivid testimony of the "upper city life" in the "two-city pattern" of Becamo. It is also an important public space for local residents and tourists to experience the fireworks of the ancient city.
Medieval retreat of San Coroma, Albendigo, Spain
The St. Kolomar Temple dates back to the 10th-11th centuries. After the 4th century, Christianity was widely spread in Europe, and some believers chose to stay away from the city and express their piety to God by ascetic in remote mountainous areas. This "reclusive life" was particularly prevalent in the Iberian Peninsula in the 8th-10th centuries. Albendigo is located at the junction of Navarre and the Basque region, with dense forests and inconvenient transportation, making it an ideal choice for hermits. The retreat is located on the hillside of the "Koroma Hill" on the northwest side of the town of Albendigo, about 850 meters above sea level, surrounded by fir forests and terraces. The site selection takes into account both "concealment" and "sanctity".
Medieval Church of New Calatrava, Spain
The "Medieval Church of Calatrava la Nueva" () is a medieval religious building in the municipality of Real, in the autonomous region of Castilla-La Mancha, central Spain, located in the center of the town of "Calatrava la Nueva", adjacent to the site of the former "Castle of Calatrava. It is an important witness to the history of Spain's "recovery of lost land movement" and "Calatrava Knights", and it is also a typical sample of the study of medieval religious architecture and local culture in the Iberian Peninsula.
Church of Santa Maria Immaculate Grace
"The Immaculate Church of Santa Maria in Bergamo Province" (Chiesa Santa Maria Immacolata delle Grazie) is a medieval to Renaissance Catholic church in Bergamo Province (Provincia di Bergamo, referred to as "BG") in Lombardy Region of Italy. With the theme of "Immaculate Virgin", it is an important landmark of "religion-art-community" integration in Bergamo region. The Church of the Immaculate Grace of Santa Maria dates back to the 13th century.
Church of Santa Maria, Barengo Campania
The "Church of Santa Maria di Campagna" (Chiesa Santa Maria di) is a medieval to Renaissance Catholic church in the municipality of Ballego, Piedmont, Italy. It is located in the core area of the old town of Ballego (Città Vecchia), adjacent to the "Castello di Barengo" (Piazza San Rocco), it is an important landmark in the "history-religion-life" triangle of Ballengo.
Church of Santa Maria del Cerf, Monza
"Monza Santa Maria Delle Selve Church" (Chiesa di Santa Maria delle Selve) is a medieval to Renaissance Catholic church in Monza, Lombardy, Italy. It is located in the core area of the old city of Monza, adjacent to "Monza Cathedral" and "Royal Villa". It is an important landmark of Monza's "history-religion-culture" triangle.
St. George's Church, San Salvatore, Almeno
"Chiesa di San Giorgio" is the core religious building of the town of Provincia di Bergamo (Comune di Almenno San Salvatore) in the province of Bergamo (Almeno di Como) in Lombardy, Italy. It is located in the hilly area on the west bank of Lake Bergamo (Lago di Como), adjacent to the historical trade route of "Bergamo-Crema", and it is the core of "religious culture-life area of Almeno.
Church of San Bernardo, Ronkora
"The Church of Ronkola San Bernardo" (Chiesa di San Bernardo) is a Catholic church from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance in the town of Ronkola, Bergamo Province, Lombardy, Italy. It is located in the hills on the west bank of Lake Bergamo (Lago di Como), adjacent to the "Como-Bergamo" historical trade route. It is the core landmark of "religion-culture-life" in Ronkola region. It has witnessed the rise and fall of rural churches in northern Italy in the Middle Ages and the faith inheritance of local communities. It is also an important building for the study of folk religious art in Lombardy region.
Spanish ancient building Consuegra Castle
The history of Consuegra Castle can be traced back to the 10th century, and the Moors regarded it as the key node of the "Southern Defense Line. It was mainly used to defend against the attacks of the Christian kingdoms of the north and to control rivers and trade routes. In 1085, after King Alfonso VI of Castile captured Toledo, the castle was included in the Christian sphere of influence and gradually transformed from a military fortress to a "frontier defense center". With the gradual weakening of the military function of the Spanish unified Consuegra Castle, it was transformed into an aristocratic residence and administrative center. The local nobility, the "Kongsuegra family", became the actual controller of the castle through marriage with the royal family.
Italian ancient architecture Groscio San Faustino Castle
The castle dates back to the 12th century and was built under the auspices of the Lords of Grosio, a branch of the local aristocracy, the Visconti family. Its core function was to control the main transportation routes of the Valtellina Gorge and guard against predators from northern Europe and feudal rivals from the south. In the 13th century, the castle was given to the "San Fastino Monastery" and became a "religious-military complex". After the 15th century, with the unification of Lombardy by the Principality of Milan, the castle gradually lost its military function and was transformed into a noble summer palace and administrative center. During the rule of the Austrian Empire in the 18th century, some buildings were demolished for the construction of roads but the core structure was preserved.
Alco Castle, an ancient Italian building
The history of Alco Castle can be traced back to the 12th century, when the town of Alco became a battleground for military strategists because it was located in the Trento Basin and Lake Garda. At the end of the 12th century, the local aristocracy, the "Alco family", began to build the castle in order to consolidate their control over the territory. After the 15th century Alco Castle was incorporated into Venice's "border defense system". The Venetians reinforced the walls and added batteries on the original basis. During the Napoleonic Wars in the 18th century, the castle was briefly occupied by the French army, and then annexed to the Austrian Empire with Trento (1815), gradually losing its military function.
Old Calatrava of Real City
The Knights of Calatrava were founded in 1158 by King Alfonso VII of Castile (Alfonso VII) and the Knights Templar in order to resist Moorish domination of the Iberian Peninsula (I. e., the "Recapture Movement"). The name "Calatrava" comes from a castle near the city of Real (originally "Calatrava la Vieja"), which was the original headquarters of the Knights. Old Calatrava La Vieja served as the "mother fort" of the Knights at the time ".
Pagliari Borgo village in the small town of Carona
"Borgo di Pagliari-Carona" () is a historical village in the municipality of Provincia di Como (Comune di Carona) in the Italian province of Lombardy, located in the hills on the west bank of Lake Como (Lago di Como). It is not only a core component of Carona's "Lake Mountain Town", but also a vivid witness to the "aristocratic manor culture" and "lakeside life" in Lombardy, combining natural beauty, historical heritage and local lifestyle.
Teso Borgo, Cornellode, City of Bégamo
"Borgo Cornello dei Tasso" is a historical block in the upper Bergamo of Bergamo (Città Alta) in Lombardy, Italy. It takes the manor and architectural heritage of the noble family "Tasso" from the 15th to 16th century as the core, and is an important carrier of the historical style of "Upper City" in Bergamo's "Double City Pattern. It not only retains the architectural essence from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, but also witnesses the key history of Bergamo's transformation from a "free city-state" to a "noble territory.
Upper City Santa Maria Grand Basilica
The construction of the Great Basilica of Santa Maria dates back to the mid-12th century (c. 1150-1200), coinciding with the golden age of Bergamo as the "free city-state of Lombardy. At that time, in order to consolidate their power, the city aristocracy and the church vigorously promoted the construction of religious buildings. The Santa Maria Hall was designed as the "spiritual center of the city", which not only served the needs of citizens' beliefs, but also symbolized the authority of the aristocracy and the church.
Bowa-Koutiye has a tomb gallery.
Bouva-Koutier (Bois-Couturier) is located in the Ille-Vilene department (Ille-et-Vilaine) of Brittany, France, in a low and gentle hilly area covered by forests. The "Bois" in its name means "forest", and "Couturier" may be derived from local place names or family names. The tomb was accidentally discovered by local farmers when they were reclaiming land in the early 20th century, and was subsequently recorded and initially excavated by archaeologists. It is now an important site in the French "Prehistoric Megalithic Relics Protection List.
Court of the Duke of Targovishti
"The Princely Court of Târgoviște" (The Court of Târgoviște) is the core historical relic of the famous historical city of Târgoviște in Romania. It was once the power center and political, religious and cultural hub of the ruler (duke/grand duke) of the Principality of Wallachia (1330-1859). It is not only a material witness of the "Golden Age" of Wallachia, but also an important symbol of Romanian national identity and the political pattern of the Balkans in the Middle Ages.
Spain Sigurn Sala Barola Church
La Barbolla Church (La Church) is a Roman Catholic church with a long history in the city of Sigüenza (Sigüenza) in the autonomous region of Castile-La Mancha (Castilla-La Mancha) in northeastern Spain. It is famous for its unique architectural style, profound religious culture and local historical memory. As an important part of the "medieval religious buildings" in Siguenza, it is not only the belief center of the local community, but also an important physical carrier for the study of religious art and local society in Spain from the late Middle Ages to modern times.
Kirk Madeline Church, Linnes District, Galloway County, Scotland
Kirk Madeline Church is a historic village church in Linnes, Galloway County, southwest Scotland. Its name "Kirkmadrine" is derived from Scottish Gaelic and is a typical representative of the integration of Scottish "frontier culture" and Christian tradition. This church is not only the religious center of the local community, but also the living carrier of the history, architecture and folk culture of the Galloway area. It is known as the "living fossil of the Scottish rural church". The Kirk Madeline Church dates back to the 12th century and its origins are closely linked to the spread of "Celtic Christianity" in Scotland.
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